{"id":1749,"date":"2024-02-08T10:34:50","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T09:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/?page_id=1749"},"modified":"2026-02-10T16:50:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T15:50:10","slug":"humanitarian-supply-chain","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/","title":{"rendered":"Humanitarian Supply Chain"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1749\" class=\"elementor elementor-1749\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc89014 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc89014\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1978cc1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1978cc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Resilient Humanitarian Supply Chain: A Simulation Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a19c21 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a19c21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e7955e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e7955e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa0c86d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fa0c86d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7af5064 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7af5064\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26650a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26650a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nThe paper presents a case study employing simulation modeling to analyze and improve a <b>Humanitarian Supply Chain (HSC)<\/b> dealing with the distribution system of the Pfizer-BioNTech <b> COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya<\/b>. \n<p>\n<p>The study explores the existing distribution network (As Is model) and proposes two alternative configurations (To Be models) based on global health organizations&#8217; guidelines. The simulation utilizes actual data from Kenya&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the national vaccine distribution network.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The context of the study is Kenya, a low-middle income country in East Africa, divided into 47 counties. The As Is model reflects the current vaccine distribution structure, involving vaccine production factories, a national depot in Kitengela, regional depots, and hospitals. To Be scenarios consider variations in the number and positioning of central depots, focusing on proximity or centralization. The simulation assesses key performance indicators, including demand coverage, flexibility of depots, fleet utilization, and fulfillment time.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>The study aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the humanitarian supply chain<\/strong>, emphasizing fair and rapid vaccine access. The To Be 2 scenario, featuring a centralized distribution with increased transport strength, outperforms others, achieving a higher service level (99.7%) and reducing vaccine inventory in the network. This is facilitated by innovations such as aerial drones for remote deliveries, which prove effective in mitigating uncertainties in transport times.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Results highlight the <strong>sensitivity <\/strong>of the As Is and To Be 1 scenarios to <strong>variations in system parameters<\/strong>, emphasizing the need for a<strong> robust supply chain configuration<\/strong>. The study underscores the importance of simulation models in testing proposed improvements, complementing analytical optimization methods. The research contributes to the <strong>exploration of alternative distribution network designs in humanitarian contexts <\/strong>and underscores the necessity for further modeling and analysis to enhance the <strong>resilience and efficiency of vaccine distribution systems<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e72b5aa e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e72b5aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75bec04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"75bec04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ad9282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ad9282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Download the full paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-640509f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"640509f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-755x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1889\" alt=\"Humanitarian supply chain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-755x1024.png 755w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-221x300.png 221w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-1133x1536.png 1133w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-1511x2048.png 1511w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-500x678.png 500w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-800x1084.png 800w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-1280x1735.png 1280w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-18x24.png 18w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-27x36.png 27w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Mini-HSC-paper-1-35x48.png 35w, 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elementor-size-default\">about the authors<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81ff22b wpr-author-box-arrange-vertical elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-author-box\" data-id=\"81ff22b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-author-box\"><div class=\"wpr-author-box-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/author\/pietronegri\/\" target=\"_self\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pietro_Negri-300x300.jpg' srcset='https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pietro_Negri-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pietro_Negri-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pietro_Negri-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Pietro_Negri-36x36.jpg 36w, 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https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/textile-24x15.jpg 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/textile-36x22.jpg 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/textile-48x29.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDIGITAL TWIN\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/textile-digital-twin-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">Leveraging<\/span> dynamic production policies: a Textile Digital Twin\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884.jpg\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"Greening the Chain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884.jpg 759w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884-500x303.jpg 500w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884-24x15.jpg 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884-36x22.jpg 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gren-chain-scaled-e1705331917884-48x29.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsustainable supply chain\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/greening-the-chain\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">Greening<\/span> the Chain\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png 760w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2-500x303.png 500w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2-24x15.png 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2-36x22.png 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2-48x29.png 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHumanitarian Supply Chain\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">COVID-19<\/span> Vaccine Logistics in Kenya\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Maintenance.jpg\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"Prescriptive maintenance from mirage to reality: an energy business case\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Maintenance.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Maintenance-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Maintenance-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Maintenance-48x27.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrescriptive maintenance\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/hardware-and-software-for-prescriptive-maintenance\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">Prescriptive<\/span> maintenance from mirage to reality: an energy business case\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1463\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"How to manage global cold chains\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-2000x1143.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled-2048x1170.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled-24x14.jpg 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled-36x21.jpg 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-upscaled-1-scaled-48x27.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVaccine Supply chain\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/vaccine-supply-chain\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">How<\/span> to manage global cold chains\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1362\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k.jpg\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"How to build a resilient warehouse\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-2000x1330.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-24x16.jpg 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-36x24.jpg 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/4324416999_3679fb4f41_k-48x32.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProcess design\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/resilient-warehouse\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">How<\/span> to build a resilient warehouse\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a-.jpeg\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"Enhancing Master Production Schedule with Simulation\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a-.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a--300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a--150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a--24x24.jpeg 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a--36x36.jpeg 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Aerial-view-of-a-Northern-European-salmon-farm.-The-scene-includes-circular-fish-pens-floating-in-a--48x48.jpeg 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-subtitle\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMPS with Simulation\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/enhancing-master-production-scheduling-with-simulation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">Enhancing<\/span> Master Production Schedule with Simulation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \n            <div class=\"swiper-slide bdt-item\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1849\" height=\"1599\" src=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig.png\" class=\"bdt-img\" alt=\"More papers coming soon...\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig.png 1849w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-300x259.png 300w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-1024x886.png 1024w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-1536x1328.png 1536w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-500x432.png 500w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-800x692.png 800w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-1280x1107.png 1280w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-24x21.png 24w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-36x31.png 36w, https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/SCNode-logo-nographicsbig-48x42.png 48w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-content-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"bdt-title\" data-reveal=\"reveal-active\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"frist-word\">More<\/span> papers coming soon...\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination reveal-muted\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- <div class=\"swiper-scrollbar\"><\/div> -->\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-arrows-center bdt-navigation-arrows bdt-position-z-index reveal-muted\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-prev bdt-slidenav\"><i class=\"ps-wi-arrow-left-5\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-navigation-next bdt-slidenav\"><i class=\"ps-wi-arrow-right-5\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Resilient Humanitarian Supply Chain: A Simulation Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya ABSTRACT The paper presents a case study employing simulation modeling to analyze and improve a Humanitarian Supply Chain (HSC) dealing with the distribution system of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya. The study explores the existing distribution network (As Is model) and proposes two alternative configurations (To Be models) based on global health organizations&#8217; guidelines. The simulation utilizes actual data from Kenya&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the national vaccine distribution network. The context of the study is Kenya, a low-middle income country in East Africa, divided into 47 counties. The As Is model reflects the current vaccine distribution structure, involving vaccine production factories, a national depot in Kitengela, regional depots, and hospitals. To Be scenarios consider variations in the number and positioning of central depots, focusing on proximity or centralization. The simulation assesses key performance indicators, including demand coverage, flexibility of depots, fleet utilization, and fulfillment time. The study aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the humanitarian supply chain, emphasizing fair and rapid vaccine access. The To Be 2 scenario, featuring a centralized distribution with increased transport strength, outperforms others, achieving a higher service level (99.7%) and reducing vaccine inventory in the network. This is facilitated by innovations such as aerial drones for remote deliveries, which prove effective in mitigating uncertainties in transport times. Results highlight the sensitivity of the As Is and To Be 1 scenarios to variations in system parameters, emphasizing the need for a robust supply chain configuration. The study underscores the importance of simulation models in testing proposed improvements, complementing analytical optimization methods. The research contributes to the exploration of alternative distribution network designs in humanitarian contexts and underscores the necessity for further modeling and analysis to enhance the resilience and efficiency of vaccine distribution systems Download the full paper Abilita JavaScript nel browser per completare questo modulo.Abilita JavaScript nel browser per completare questo modulo.Full name *Email * Download about the authors Pietro Negri Supply chain consultant BROWSE THROUGH OUR PAPER HISTORY DIGITAL TWIN Leveraging dynamic production policies: a Textile Digital Twin sustainable supply chain Greening the Chain Humanitarian Supply Chain COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya Prescriptive maintenance Prescriptive maintenance from mirage to reality: an energy business case Vaccine Supply chain How to manage global cold chains Process design How to build a resilient warehouse MPS with Simulation Enhancing Master Production Schedule with Simulation More papers coming soon&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1785,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"ppma_author":[20],"class_list":["post-1749","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Humanitarian Supply Chain - SCNODE.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Humanitarian Supply Chain - SCNODE.COM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Resilient Humanitarian Supply Chain: A Simulation Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya ABSTRACT The paper presents a case study employing simulation modeling to analyze and improve a Humanitarian Supply Chain (HSC) dealing with the distribution system of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya. The study explores the existing distribution network (As Is model) and proposes two alternative configurations (To Be models) based on global health organizations&#8217; guidelines. The simulation utilizes actual data from Kenya&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the national vaccine distribution network. The context of the study is Kenya, a low-middle income country in East Africa, divided into 47 counties. The As Is model reflects the current vaccine distribution structure, involving vaccine production factories, a national depot in Kitengela, regional depots, and hospitals. To Be scenarios consider variations in the number and positioning of central depots, focusing on proximity or centralization. The simulation assesses key performance indicators, including demand coverage, flexibility of depots, fleet utilization, and fulfillment time. The study aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the humanitarian supply chain, emphasizing fair and rapid vaccine access. The To Be 2 scenario, featuring a centralized distribution with increased transport strength, outperforms others, achieving a higher service level (99.7%) and reducing vaccine inventory in the network. This is facilitated by innovations such as aerial drones for remote deliveries, which prove effective in mitigating uncertainties in transport times. Results highlight the sensitivity of the As Is and To Be 1 scenarios to variations in system parameters, emphasizing the need for a robust supply chain configuration. The study underscores the importance of simulation models in testing proposed improvements, complementing analytical optimization methods. The research contributes to the exploration of alternative distribution network designs in humanitarian contexts and underscores the necessity for further modeling and analysis to enhance the resilience and efficiency of vaccine distribution systems Download the full paper Abilita JavaScript nel browser per completare questo modulo.Abilita JavaScript nel browser per completare questo modulo.Full name *Email * Download about the authors Pietro Negri Supply chain consultant BROWSE THROUGH OUR PAPER HISTORY DIGITAL TWIN Leveraging dynamic production policies: a Textile Digital Twin sustainable supply chain Greening the Chain Humanitarian Supply Chain COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya Prescriptive maintenance Prescriptive maintenance from mirage to reality: an energy business case Vaccine Supply chain How to manage global cold chains Process design How to build a resilient warehouse MPS with Simulation Enhancing Master Production Schedule with Simulation More papers coming soon&#8230;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCNODE.COM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-10T15:50:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"760\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitarian Supply Chain - SCNODE.COM\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-08T09:34:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-10T15:50:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png\",\"width\":760,\"height\":460,\"caption\":\"Covid vaccine supply chain\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Humanitarian Supply Chain\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/\",\"name\":\"SCNODE.COM\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"SCNODE.COM\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SCNODE-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/SCNODE-logo.png\",\"width\":1570,\"height\":1571,\"caption\":\"SCNODE.COM\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scnode.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/scnode\/?viewAsMember=true\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Humanitarian Supply Chain - SCNODE.COM","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/","og_locale":"it_IT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Humanitarian Supply Chain - SCNODE.COM","og_description":"Resilient Humanitarian Supply Chain: A Simulation Study of COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya ABSTRACT The paper presents a case study employing simulation modeling to analyze and improve a Humanitarian Supply Chain (HSC) dealing with the distribution system of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya. The study explores the existing distribution network (As Is model) and proposes two alternative configurations (To Be models) based on global health organizations&#8217; guidelines. The simulation utilizes actual data from Kenya&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the national vaccine distribution network. The context of the study is Kenya, a low-middle income country in East Africa, divided into 47 counties. The As Is model reflects the current vaccine distribution structure, involving vaccine production factories, a national depot in Kitengela, regional depots, and hospitals. To Be scenarios consider variations in the number and positioning of central depots, focusing on proximity or centralization. The simulation assesses key performance indicators, including demand coverage, flexibility of depots, fleet utilization, and fulfillment time. The study aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the humanitarian supply chain, emphasizing fair and rapid vaccine access. The To Be 2 scenario, featuring a centralized distribution with increased transport strength, outperforms others, achieving a higher service level (99.7%) and reducing vaccine inventory in the network. This is facilitated by innovations such as aerial drones for remote deliveries, which prove effective in mitigating uncertainties in transport times. Results highlight the sensitivity of the As Is and To Be 1 scenarios to variations in system parameters, emphasizing the need for a robust supply chain configuration. The study underscores the importance of simulation models in testing proposed improvements, complementing analytical optimization methods. The research contributes to the exploration of alternative distribution network designs in humanitarian contexts and underscores the necessity for further modeling and analysis to enhance the resilience and efficiency of vaccine distribution systems Download the full paper Abilita JavaScript nel browser per completare questo modulo.Abilita JavaScript nel browser per completare questo modulo.Full name *Email * Download about the authors Pietro Negri Supply chain consultant BROWSE THROUGH OUR PAPER HISTORY DIGITAL TWIN Leveraging dynamic production policies: a Textile Digital Twin sustainable supply chain Greening the Chain Humanitarian Supply Chain COVID-19 Vaccine Logistics in Kenya Prescriptive maintenance Prescriptive maintenance from mirage to reality: an energy business case Vaccine Supply chain How to manage global cold chains Process design How to build a resilient warehouse MPS with Simulation Enhancing Master Production Schedule with Simulation More papers coming soon&#8230;","og_url":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/","og_site_name":"SCNODE.COM","article_modified_time":"2026-02-10T15:50:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":760,"height":460,"url":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/cover-HSC-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tempo di lettura stimato":"6 minuti"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/","url":"https:\/\/scnode.com\/index.php\/humanitarian-supply-chain\/","name":"Humanitarian Supply Chain - 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